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214 SOUND MOTION PICTURES
Only the sound collectors and the cameras may be kept in the studio proper.
The method of recording employed by Photophone is different from that used by Movietone. In recording, the Photophone uses two films of different kinds in two different machines, one a standard motion picture camera similar to that used in photographing silent motion pictures, and the other a sound recorder. The camera uses the usual negative stock film, while a positive stock film is used in the sound recorder.
The motion picture is taken in the customary manner, except that the width of the camera aperture is .125 of an inch smaller than that of the usual silent picture camera. The film is developed and finished in the ordinary way, leaving, however, a blank space .125 of an inch wide between the picture itself and the sprocket holes on the side of the film. As the motion picture is made a "sound recorder" is in operation in precise synchronization with the camera and is recording sound on positive film of standard width. Both sound recorder and camera operate at the same speed of 90 feet per minute and are driven by synchronous motors.
On the studio stage, microphones are located at suitable points. The microphone is technically known as a "condenser" and each contains an exceedingly thin metal disk called the "diaphragm." These microphones are suspended from suitable frames by delicate springs so as to absorb vibration.
The sound recorder consists of two main parts, namely, an oscillating galvanometer, an optical system, as well as a motor-driven mechanism through which the film is moved continuously. The current emanating from the microphone, representing the sound waves in electrical form, is amplified through two stages and then carried forward to a main recorder amplifier. Located on this