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THE STUDIO 217
lights of various types, as well as spotlights, which may be used for flood lighting, modelling, or sundry special effects.
VII. Other Changes in the Studio
The laboratory work in connection with sound pictures requires great skill in developing the film. When musical synchronization is used the film must be "duped" in order to superimpose the sound track for the sound picture. In printing the sound negative in combination with pictures for projection in theatres it is customary to print one negative, masking the space needed for the other, then run the positive again through the printer with the other negative but now masking the space already printed.
The laboratory work in connection with the development of sound motion pictures naturally brings several problems in a variety of connections.
It is expected that the results must conform to accepted standards that have been established for silent motion picture prints. There are technical problems connected with this subject that would be of interest only in the laboratory, since the problem is one of a highly technical nature. Although quite satisfactory sound prints have been produced it may be expected that the laboratory technique will improve with experience and study. With this will come betterment not only in methods but in process apparatus as well.
The disk system of sound synchronization makes fewer demands on laboratory technique than do the film systems. A machine, however, has already been developed to permit an entire reel to be processed as a unit. It has proved to be a great help in eliminating unnecessary noises.
Sound pictures have affected every department of picture production. Even camera men have undergone transformation. Whereas, in the past, a camera man could