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SPEECH, MUSIC, AND HEARING 239
The physical phenomenon of sound, instrumental or vocal, is of great importance to those interested in the new phase of our industry. The director's sense of hearing must be such that any difficulty in that respect should not result in either diminished or exaggreated volume of tone. The ear is one of the most sensitive organs in the human body, and sense of hearing is frequently affected by the physical condition of a person. People with colds do not hear as clearly and distinctly as when they are normal. Players must be in good physical condition to record properly. I therefore feel that a good understanding of the subject, providing the fundamentals of speech and hearing, may be of value to those whose work brings them in close contact with the various apparatus of recording and reproduction; and it will be my purpose, in this chapter, to point out some of the elements of the science of sound, as they affect the development of the picture.
As to the origin of human sound, there is a difference of opinion. The great Frenchman, Diderot, at the end of the Eighteenth Century, and Herbert Spencer many years afterward, expressed themselves as of the opinion that singing came after speaking. They suggested that at some time in the dim past human beings, in order to make their speech more effective and moving, sang the words instead of speaking them. In contradistinction, the theory of Darwin is based on a supposition that from the beginning the songs of animals were given them to call and to please one another. According to this theory, then, song came first with the animals, and speech afterward with men. The contentions of Diderot and Spencer, that speech came first and song afterward, is difficult of belief, because, in observing the growth of a small child, we can observe that speech and singing begin and develop simultaneously.
The synchronization of sound with motion pictures unites two different elements; one, the recording and re