Sound motion pictures : from the laboratory to their presentation (1929)

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MUSIC 287 There are two kinds of percussion instruments : drums and bells. Either will serve to exemplify the rhythmic aspects of music. The big bass drum and the smaller drum are used to mark the time and to produce rumbling effects. They produce indefinite sounds of no fixed pitch. The kettledrum, however, may be tuned to a definite pitch and is used in important orchestras. In the bell group are included the devices known as the triangle, the xylophone, the celesta, and the cymbals. In addition to these important musical instruments there are many minor ones, among them being the accordion, whose sound is produced by forcing air through metallic reeds; the bagpipe, in which the player forces air through three or more pipes by pressure of his arm on a leather windbag; the Jew's-harp, a small, lyre-shaped instrument, which, placed between the teeth, emits tones from a bent metal tongue struck by the fingers; the harmonica, or mouth organ, in which the notes are produced by the vibration of free metal reeds; and the ocarina, a little instrument which has an ovoid shape, with a mouthpiece and finger holes, for the production of whistle-like tones. Within very few years the motion picture has accomplished more than any other single factor in helping the cause of good music. For example, recent synchronizations have interpolated in their scores movements from classic and contemporary symphonies, as well as fine operas. The result is that motion picture audiences everywhere have cultivated subconsciously a taste for good music. Huge orchestras of symphonic proportions are nothing new to motion picture audiences. The orchestras in the metropolitan houses boast from eighty to one hundred musicians. The compositions they play appear on the programmes of the country's greatest symphony orchestras. In the beginning the motion picture theatre standard did not ven