The talkies (1930)

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104 THE TALKIES background of noise on the film. It is for this reason that the American method of never letting the film emerge into the air until it is ready to be dried is finding increasing popularity, because there was undoubtedly a risk of the developer on the film being affected by the air as the film passed from one tank or tube to the other. These very faint stains did not matter with the silent picture, but are, as we have seen, very dangerous to the successful treatment of sound-track. The latest processing machines have horizontal tanks in a further endeavour to facilitate the passage of the film from one solution to another. Special precautions are being taken to see that the developer which is losing its strength is replaced in as gradual and regular manner as possible. This is, of course, arranged for in the Lawley machine. The old method of draining off the old solutions and pouring in fresh would be fatal to the sound-film; very strong solutions of developer are being used, and an elaborate system of circulating pipes has been devised to see that the strength is maintained without any sudden changes. Automatic electrical arrangements keep the solutions at exactly the correct temperatures. A rather unexpected source of trouble was