The talkies (1930)

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106 THE TALKIES vidual contrast requirements and arrange to print them separately on to the final positive film. A further advantage of the machine over the old-fashioned methods is that there is no risk of what were known as rack marks; these were particularly dangerous to the sound-track because they occurred across the film, that is to say, in a line with the sound-track streak. The engineers engaged in recording sound on film have, like the manufacturers of gramophone records, discovered that the light-sensitive emulsions with which they work must, like the "wax" of the record manufacturers, be of exceedingly fine texture, for at least two reasons; one being the fact that, if the very fine light streaks representing the higher notes — some of them over 400 lines on less than an inch of film — are to be accurately photographed, absolute smoothness of texture is essential ; the other being our old friend "scratch," or, in the parlance of the sound-film engineers, "background noise." The Eastman Kodak Laboratories at Rochester have been investigating this problem of "background noise," which covers any noise introduced by or through the actual dark-room processes through which the virgin film passes on its way to the theatre projectors.