The talkies (1930)

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108 THE TALKIES from the loudspeaker amplifier will be either zero or some constant value. If, however, the film is irregular, the output from the amplifier will vary and will provide a means of measuring the actual amount of any noise present. These experiments showed that no dirt or other cause of noise is introduced in the first process of coating the "base" with the material by which the eventual sensitive emulsion is secured to it, known as "substrating." When, however, the film was emulsion coated, and put through the regular processes of fixing and washing or developing, the noise was found to have increased. Steps were then taken to find out whether the increase of noise was due to the presence of the emulsion or to the processing. Two pieces of film were developed and fixed; one was then wiped by machinery, and the other carefully wiped by hand. The results showed curiously enough that the sample of film which had been wiped by machinery was more than twice as noisy as that which had been wiped by hand. In order to find out whether a further cause of noise lay in the stages of manufacture, a piece of film, which had been "substrated," but not coated with sensitive emulsion, was subjected to all the