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History of Motion Pictures
December 14, 1829 saw the birth of a process to make light record its images through a lens on a treated metal plate.
February 5, 1861 marked the emergence of the term "cinema." Coleman Sellers, mechanical engineer of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, patented his Kinematoscope and gave to a great modern industry its basic name. The Kinematoscope did not present photographed motion, for the plate of the day was chemically too slow for consecutive photographs. But Mr. Sellers took separate poses of his young sons in consecutive steps of action. These pictures were mounted on a device similar to a paddle wheel. Observed when revolved at a proper rate of speed, an impression of motion resulted.
In 1863 the Phasmatrope of Henry Hevl, of Columbus, Ohio, and of Philadelphia, presented such an effect bv means of a magic lantern. Thin glass positive pictures of Heyl's waltzing with a partner were mounted radially on a wheel. They were exposed intermittently to the light ray of the lantern. Of these Ramsave writes: "This machine had a shutter and a ratchet and a pawl intermittent mechanism which produced all of the mechanical effects necessary to the proper projection of pictures, even by today's standards." *
The years moved on until 1872. Governor Leland Stanford, of California, horse breeder and statesman, contended with two doubting friends, James R. Keene and Frederick McCrellish, that at various gaits a horse at full speed took all of his four feet off the ground at
1 Ramsave, Terrv. A Milium and One Sights, Vol. I: p. 19. Simon & Schuster. New York. 1926.
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