Talking pictures : how they are made and how to appreciate them (1937)

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Talking Pictures time a scene is photographed may be incomplete or inadequate for the dramatic effect desired, and the rerecording process is used to add other sounds. On each of these machines there is a sound track. One track may have spoken dialogue; one music; one the general noise of a large crowd, and one the noise of a thunderstorm. In a projection room near the re-recording apparatus, a technician sits before a bakelite board that has more than a dozen knobs which are operated up and down in separate slots. Each one of these knobs controls the volume of one sound track. The technician watches the picture. If the scene is a long-shot of a crowd, the crowd noise is the most important element, and he moves the knobs accordingly. In a close-up in which it is necessary to hear the voices of the principal players, the noise of the crowd, a thunderstorm, or any underlying music are all reduced in force, and the dialogue is raised. A competent technician will do this so cleverly that no one in the audience will consciously realize that the dialogue has, for an instant, taken precedence. The sound from each sound track, controlled in volume by the technician, combines with the sounds from the other tracks and is recorded in one recording machine which produces the final releasable track. It is from this secondary recording operation that the process derives its name. No elaborate explanation is needed to show the value of this development. Consider the last time you were in a crowd. Perhaps you had a quarrel with someone. [202]