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Talking Pictures
Therefore, in the printing machines there must be means for changing light values between scenes. In "hand printers" an operator changes the light values by hand as the scenes pass through his machine. In mechanical printers these light changes are brought about by a clever, patented automatic device.
In both types of printers the actual operation is the same. The machines are in semidark rooms, illuminated only by one or two amber globes. "Positive stock" is comparatively insensitive to amber light. The developed negative, recognized by its dark color, is on one reel. The fresh, yellow, positive "raw stock" is on another. The two films run, emulsion side to emulsion side, (emulsion is the name for chemical coating on a celluloid base which, acted on by light and chemicals, eventually produces the final pictured image) over an aperture. Here a light is passed through the negative on to the positive, which is thus sensitized in exactly the same light and shadow proportions as the original negative was sensitized when the camera shutter opened and permitted light to shine through to it.
In the printing room two negatives become one positive. In common studio practice the sound track and the picture are photographed on separate films. When the picture is photographed on the stages, a blank place one eighth of an inch in width is left at the right side. Since positive prints such as those used in theatres have sound and sight on the piece of film, in order to make a release print for exhibition purposes, the separate sound track is merged with the picture in the printing machines to make a single unit.
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