Talking pictures : how they are made, how to appreciate them (c. 1937)

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Talking Pictures sound of a thousand diving airplanes, striking a tender portion of the bear's anatomy. This is a scene which delights the children. The perfected colored cartoon technique of Walt Disney, Harman-Ising, Mintz, Schlessinger, and Fleischer is one of the most fascinating high lights in an industry particularly notable for its varied technical advances. And because the mechanical march of the cartoon permits exact timing with music, music is even more important in a cartoon than a feature photoplay studio. In fact, in the finished cartoon script the narration of the story is on one half of each page, while opposite it is the accompanying musical score. The choice of a story starts the work on a cartoon. After this is chosen by the staff writers, artists are called in to make colorful paintings of the backgrounds required. Then each sequence is first drawn by specially trained artists, called animators. Suppose the sequence requires one little dog to push another little dog away from a pan of milk. This might take twenty drawings, or a hundred, depending upon the movements. The average cartoon comedy requires twenty thousand individual drawings. One man working entirely by himself could not make a cartoon in less than four hundred days. These drawings are first made by pencil; then the animator puts the sequence together, and with his thumb, flips rapidly through the file. This rough test discovers faults in the action. This gives the same illusion of movement secured by Muybridge with the consecutive photographs of a running horse that he made for Senator [252]