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Talking Pictures
It is apparent that the international market is important for the American film producer. In fact the market, when in normal condition, is so profitable that some film makers count too greatly on it in estimating their probable income. While American theatre income is disturbed dangerously by economic depressions, the international market has periodically been unsettled, not only because of economic troubles, but from a number of other causes.
During the period of the silent film the foreign business of the film companies flourished, for there were no language barriers. Subtitles were easily translated into a score of languages. The coming of sound pictures upset this.
The first attempt to overcome language barriers led to the making of pictures with as many as six different casts, one for each language. At the beginning of this system practically every successful picture was made in French, German, and Spanish, but some pictures were made which included Italian, Swedish, and Portuguese. This did not prove successful. Audiences which had become accustomed to Greta Garbo in silent pictures, and liked her, were not quick to accept any other actress playing the Greta Garbo roles, even though the other actress would use their own langauge.
Two new methods to overcome these problems were devised. The first method retains the English language sound track, but superimposes printed titles in the native tongue over the action of the picture. This mode is particularly popular in South America where many of the population know some English, but not enough to
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