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timing of words and picture is a most important factor in achieving a concise and completely clear result.
On the other hand, it is generally not advisable to have the commentary going on all the time ; pauses not only allow the audience to take in what the images are conveying, but also give the opportunity to let the lesson sink in. The function of the commentary is primarily to keep the audience thinking in the right direction ; it is not to tell the audience what they can very well see on the screen.
In the example quoted below, the commentary is continuously employed to make the audience draw certain conclusions from the visuals ; although it never describes the picture, it gives each shot a meaning in its context, by discussing the general principle which is being illustrated.
HYDRAULICS1
Extract from Reel I
The sequence quoted here is the introductory passage explaining the basic properties of liquids on which the principle of hydraulics rests:
( 1 ) That liquids change their shape.
(2) That liquids are almost completely inelastic.
The rest of the film shows applications of these principles.
High angle L.S. sea. breaking on rocks.
Waves
2 Shooting at sea level. A large wave comes towards camera and completely fills screen.
3 C.S. Basin, with water running into it. Hands come into frame and turn off the taps.
4 C.S. Water surface in basin. Two hands come into frame and start washing.
5 C.S. Jug full of beer and a glass beside it. A hand comes into frame and lifts the jug, camera tilting up with the hand. The jug is tilted and camera follows the stream of beer down to the glass which is filling up.
6 Hose-pipe. Camera moves along the pipe to reveal a man spraying the wheel of a lorry.
1 Director : Ralph Elton. Editor : 1941
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Commentator : Liquids change easily. —
their shapes
— They take their shape from —
— solids. 8
Water running into a basin, takes the shape of a basin —
— and closes tightly round a 10 hand plunged into it.
Beer in a jug is the shape of the jug or of the glass into which it is poured.
Because a liquid can be made to take the shape of a pipe, it can be led from one place to another.
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R. K. Neilson-Baxter. Petroleum Film Board,