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CHAPTER XXXVI INSERTS NEXT in pictorial value to the bust comes the insert, which dif- fers from the bust in that it does not picture action. It also differs from the bust in that it is not made in the scene but by a special department, usually known as the title or leader room. This department generally has its own camera and cameraman. Here the titles for the plays are prepared as well as the leaders. Here, too, the other inserts are made. Generally there is a frame into which the camera can be fitted to shoot directly downward. This is used where there is a letter to be written while the film is running, and it is also useful in photographing pages of books and the like. 2. An insert does not split a scene, because, like the cut-in, it is in- serted into the scene after the scene schedule is prepared. Generally the negative is marked so that each print of a scene shows a cross mark where the film is to be cut away. There is one where the scene is cut and another where it is resumed. In between is marked the number of the insert and the same number is marked on the insert. With this the author has nothing to do, the information being given Itere to make understandable the process and the reason why an in- sert does not break a scene into two parts. An insert is NOT nuyn- bered by the author. It is numbered by the leader room when it is finally decided how many inserts there are to be and what these con- sist of. 3. The sim plest form of insert is the letter . This is merely a sheet of white paper uporTw'hich is written a note, generally in dead black ink. Some companies go to considerable trouble to make their letters seem real. Various kinds of letter paper are used to suit the supposed status of the correspondent and the entire sheet is seen, sometimes being held by a hand. Other companies prepare all letters on a sheet that will completely fill the frame and all persons apparently have the same style of penmanship. One company is so careless in this respect that the reply to a letter will be shown in the identical handwriting. Here, again, the author has nothing to say. He merely provides the text of the letter and asks that it be done in a certain way. He does not provide the letters that are to be photographed. He does not pro- vide the note paper. He merely writes into the scene the text of the letter and leaves the rest to the studio. 4. Letters are useful in establishing facts. They serve the same pur- pose as the printed leader, but are less of an interruption. Letters re- quire greater footage, but they can carry more than one fact. A per- sonage in the play sits down and dashes off a letter. "Dashes off" is the proper phrase, for most letters are written with undue haste. In proper form the action, as soon as the writer starts, will be replaced by the letter on the screen. Perhaps it reads: 153