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160 INSERTS 22. Music should not be used. A bar of a song may be shown if it is desired to present the words, but the melody will not be realized by all and should not be given alone. Where music is called for it should be a part of a song to be had anywhere or else should be manuscript music, though at least one company has gone to the expense of having a page of music set up. 23. All printed or written inserts should be brief. This is not alone on account of the saving in footage. There is another and perhaps more valid reason for brevity. As has been explained, the length of time an insert remains on the screen is determined by the length of time it will probably take a person not used to rapid read- ing to decipher it. An insert that remains on the screen twenty-five feet (seconds) will be read by many in ten seconds. For fifteeii more these nimble minded persons must sit and stare at the screen while others more laboriously spell out the words. Fifteen seconds of inaction on the screen may be interminably long. Take an in- sert requiring fifty feet and the quick reader has a full half minute wait. And precisely because the spectator is quick of thought he will chafe most at the delay. 24. Inserts should be read but once. They are written into the script but once. If they are required to be shown again, either to freshen the memory or to show what particular document is being handled if there are two or more, the second and succeeding times the insert is "flashed." This means that it is shown on the screen only two or three seconds; not long enough to delay the action, but merely to identify. To recall such an insert you write: 47. Library —Jackson and Philip on—Jackson opens drawer and takes out a letter file—selects a paper and hands to Philip, who reads. On screen —Flash of letter from No. 28. Philip nods—puts letter in pocket book—rises—farewell—exits. It is not necessary here to repeat the letter. It is shown in full in scene twenty-eight. If it is again flashed in a later scene, the ref^ erence is still to twenty-eight and not to forty-seven. Just as a sin^ gle name only is used for any character, so a letter has but a single identity. 25. Should it happen that there is any change in the insert, then this change must be explained. This change may affect the paper or the writing, but a description will suffice and it does not require the making of a second insert. The original is photographed and then treated as the directions require. A few examples will serve to show the mode of explanation. On screen —Letter as in Xo. 26. but now folded and worn on the creases through having been carried in Ben's pocket book. On screen —Letter as in No. 26. but now carrying an indorsement in a man's handwriting "I found this in Helen's desk May 8. 1912." On screen —Map as in No. 29. but now burned on one corner so as to hide the location of the mine.