Technique of the photoplay (1916)

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224 ESTABLISHMENT 17. If a person is seen to leave one room and is immediately seen to enter another, the rooms are supposed to be adjoining. If a character is seen to enter a second room after a break but without having been seen to leave the house, the two rooms as a rule are supposed to be under the same roof and on the same floor. If the rooms are on different floors, the character should be shown ascending or descending a stairway. Two hall scenes will suggest an ascent or descent of two flights. 18. A character needed on a scene at the opening should not be left standing in the scene immediately preceding. 19. A character leaving one scene and entering another should be shown entering the second scene and not already on. 20. If a character leaves one scene to enter another at a dis- tance, he should not be seen immediately to approach the distant scene. A leader or some intervening scene should be used to sug- gest the lapse of time covered by the travel. 21. Scenes showing travel are supposed by their number to sug- gest roughly the distance traversed. 22. Where a character is seen in a change of costume the inter- vening action should suggest a lapse of time sufficient to permit the change. 23. Where alternating scenes show two points widely distant, the distance must first have been established by leader or action. 24. If a lapse of time is unimportant to the plot it may be sug- gested by or inferred from a fact leader or interpolated action. Where it is definite a time leader must be used. 25. The appearance of a person in a spot other than his own pre- cincts must be explained either by leader or pre-establishment of fact. 26. The best general rule is that- action must either be absolutely continuous or must be interrupted by leaders or other actions to cover the breaks in the continuity. (2.XIX:4 XX :7) (3.XLI:2) (5.LVI :35-37) (6.XXIV:9 XXXVII :26) (8.XXXVII:30) (9.XXXVII :25) (12.XXXI:19) (17.XLVIII:16). CHAPTER XLV ESTABLISHMENT NEXT to the preservation of continuity the establishment of fact and character is perhaps the most important point in writing the play. This applies to matters both great and small. You must know that the stout man with the side whiskers is Dawkins, the millionaire mill owner, and that it is in the fight