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CHAPTER LX 297 general it was the purpose of the series to show that the guilty sel- dom suffered alone and that those who were innocent paid the greater price. 4. In a third form the series may present a central character, but each adventure is performed without reference to what has come be- fore or what will follow. The stories of the type of "Sherlock Holmes" represent this form. In these the stories are individual, but all relate to the uncovering of some crime or conspiracy by the detective. No two of them require to be read together to be under- standable. 5. It follows, then, that a series of stories may be joined through their connection with a central character, a central theme or through their general relation to a theme. The most successful form is that in which the various stories, if issued singly, would be as interesting. If they require an understanding of the central figure's other exploits, then they are more limited in their usefulness. If they are complete in themselves, yet must be witnessed in a certain order to have their fullest effect, then they are more or less dependent upon each other, but if they bear upon some one theme in a way so general that they may be seen in order or may be enjoyed each by itself, then the greatest usefulness of the series is attained. For a proper understanding of the "Wallingford" series, a general knowledge of Wallingford and his associates is necessary. To a proper understanding of the Gaumont series they must be seen as the petitions fall. To an enjoyment of the individual parts of "Who Pays?" there was no bar. 6. Properly the "Wallingford" series was a serial each chapter of which made a complete incident, but one in which an understanding of what had gone before was essential to the fullest enjoyment. This type of story occupies an intermediate position .between the series and the serial stories. Each story in the series works up to its own in- dividual climax, but the stories as a whole work up to the grand climax. Wallingford determines to be revenged upon a certain set of men. Each story of the series shows how he squares accounts with one of this group. When all have been punished the story ends. Each revenge is in itself a reasonably complete story, but it requires knowl- edge of what has gone before to gain the fullest enjoyment from any one incident. 7. Passing from this hybrid form to the serial story proper, we find two forms. In the first the story aims to present a reasonably com- plete episode in each chapter. In the other the aim is directly the re- verse and the producer seeks to end the action at the moment of great- est suspense that a resolution of that suspense may be sought by the spectator in the next installment. Each form of story has its up- holders both among makers and exhibitors of photoplays. Some con- tend that audiences will not bother to follow the extended serial and others believe that it is the holding of suspense that makes for busi- ness. As this point of view is influenced by the class of persons who