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PRODUCTION AND DIRECTION 167 record turning for a sound effect, music, or other aural parts of the program, and when to kill sound. To speed up matters and to avoid confusion, directors usually employ brief, staccato cues. The following are some of the terms commonly used in television studios. CAMERA: Take one, two or three —Each camera in the studio is numbered. This instruction is to the production assistant to begin broadcasting the image picked up by the designated camera. Dolly in —Move camera in for close-up. Dolly back — Move camera back for required shot. Pan left or right — Point camera to side in specified direction. Tilt up or down —Tilt camera up or down. (Also called "pan up" or "pan down" in some television studios.) Blow up — Move in for maximum close-up to fill as much of television screen as possible without image distortion. Give me a two-, three-, or four-shot — This cue does not refer to the number of any camera, but means a shot of the number of people stipulated. For example, in a cast of four the director might say, "Give me a two-shot of the narrator and the guest." Set up for a lap —Get ready for a lap dissolve. Lap — Proceed with lap dissolve. Hold — Camera to remain in position until cued to move. MUSIC: Stand by to roll music — Start audio turntable. Roll music —Start record and fade in sound. Bring up sound — Bring sound in more loudly. Fade music out —Fade sound out gradually. Fade music under — Fade music under dialogue and hold. FILM: Stand by for film — Warning to film room to ready the projector for film showing. Roll film — Start the film rolling. Usually a leader or some innocuous subject matter is used to start the film so that the projector has reached its proper speed for the "Take film" cue. Take film — Switch the picture being broadcast in the studio to that being projected from the film. Film clip —Short piece of motion-picture film used as filler or bridge. Because of the sensitivity of studio microphones, it is necessary to give actors visual cues during a broadcast. This