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UNUSUALANGLES 103
the inside. It is of incalculable value to science that we can thus extend our visual observation beyond the limits of immediate natural human vision. But to art such pictures are without value. If the theme catexochen of art is the inner experience (that is, not the scientific perception of the object in itself but the reflection of the objective world in our sensual perception); if the relationship of object and subject coupled in art expresses the emotional relationship of healthy man to the outer world, then no picture can be a realistic work of art if it can be seen by human beings only through the intermediary of some mechanical contrivance and never as a typical, natural, immediate experience.
UNUSUAL ANGLES DENOTE UNUSUAL CONDITIONS
Very unusual angles must be motivated by the condition of the character through whose eyes we look at the thing presented. A picture will be unusual if it is seen by a fever-sick person, or if we look at it and show it as seen by a very shortsighted eye. But it is not enough to give a mere logical explanation of the strangeness, the unusual character of a shot, we must also give an artistic motivation of such unusual setups. For unusual angles produce unusual physiognomies and those in their turn produce unusual moods. But such moods must always be the result of deliberate purpose on the part of the film-maker, they must always emanate from the content of the scene, the state of mind of the characters — otherwise they will remain mere empty tricks of form.
It would not be realistic to show things seen by a feverish or drunken man realistically. But the face of things is changed by other things beside a high temperature or too much alcohol; passion, hatred, love or fear can have the same result. On the other hand a director often intends only to emphasize the exotic nature of a scene or of the place where a scene is enacted and may use an unusual angle for this purpose. For instance an opium den may be a quite ordinary room, but the fantastic quality of the things happening there can be conveyed visually by showing the room from an unusual angle.