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TRAVEL FILMS 161
happenings are often confused, accidental and never as clearly outlined as the fate of a single hero would be.
The other basic danger arose from this: the makers of such cross-section or mass-action films imagined that they could paint a monumental picture by having no central hero and thereby avoiding the fortuitousness of an individual destiny. The trouble was that if an artist renounces individualization, what he achieves is not something of universal validity; it is on the contrary, complete disintegration. Every consciously shaped thing has its own individual physiognomy, and it is only the smallest particles that are all alike. A stone on the hillside and the stone of one of Michelangelo's sculptures are both stones; As stones, their material is more or less the same. It is not the substance but the form that constitutes the difference between them. The artist who wants to show the raw material and not the form would do better to smash his work. But it is an old canon of art that the spirit and law of a material manifests itself most perfectly in the constructed forms of a work of art and not in the raw material.
The fable, the story, is like a human portrait; only in its artistic shaping, as a closed entity, does it become expressive and it is thus that it best gives expression to its material too. But if we want to present material without reference to form, such material will have no pattern, it will be no image. Only if we smash it, can a piece of furniture again merely be a piece of wood.
TRAVEL FILMS
Travel films have grown into an interesting and important form of film art. Here are artistic presentations of reality without literary theme and script, without literary mediation, directly achieved by the new, fully-developed artistic medium of cinematography. Here are pictures, not of invented travels, but of journeys actually made and nevertheless they are works of art. Here art lies not in invention but in discovery. In the immense jungle of experienced reality the artist must find what is most characteristic, most interesting, most plastic and expressive and brings out most vividly the tendency, the ideo
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