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History and Fantasy
One thing is evident: whenever a film maker turns the spotlight on a historical subject or ventures into the realm of fantasy, he runs the risk of defying the basic properties of his medium. Roughly speaking, he seems no longer concerned with physical reality but bent on incorporating worlds which to all appearances lie outside the orbit of actuality.
The following pages deal with some major difficulties arising from such an annexation to the screen of the past or an "unreal" universe, and with significant attempts at a reconciliation between these pictorial ventures and the demands of the cinematic approach.
HISTORY
Difficulties
Unlike the immediate past, the historical past must be staged in terms of costumes and settings completely estranged from present-day life. Consequently, it is inevitable that any moviegoer susceptible to the medium should feel uneasy about their irrevocable staginess. The cinema's preference for the unstaged may even condition his sensibilities to such an extent that, deaf to the promptings of the action, he involuntarily substitutes untampered-with nature for the make-believe world on the screen. Identifying himself with the camera, that is, he does not naively succumb to the magic of the allegedly recaptured past but remains conscious of the efforts going into its construction. 'The camera," says Cavalcanti, "is so literalminded that if you show it actors dressed up, it sees actors-dressed-up, not characters."1 Period costumes recall the theater or a masquerade.
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