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NOTES 319
26. Pudovkin, op. cit. part I, pp. 53-4. See also Wright, "Handling the Camera/' in Davy, ed., Footnotes to the Film, p. 49.
27. Cohen-Seat, Essai sur les principes . . . , pp. 117, 123-4, identifies the sequence long shot — close shot — long shot, etc. as a typically scientific procedure.
28. So Alexandre Arnoux, as quoted by Clair, Reflexion faite, p. 103.
29. Aragon, 'Tainting and Reality: A Discussion," transition, 1936, no. 25:98.
30. Epstein, "The Reality of Fairyland," in Bachmann, ed., Jean Epstein, 1 897-1 953; Cinemages, no. 2:44. For slow-motion pictures, see also Rotha, The Film Till Now, p. 370; Pudovkin, op. cit. part I, p. 153; Deren, An Anagram of Ideas on Art . . . , p. 47.
31. Cf. Epstein, Le cinematographe vu de VEtna, p. 18; Deren, op. cit. p. 46.
32. Maddison, "Le cinema et Tinformation mentale des peuples primitives," Revue internationale de fdmologie, 1948, vol. I, nos. 3-4:307-8.
33. See Kracauer, "Jean Vigo," Hollywood Quarterly, April 1947, vol. II, no. 3:262.
34. Proust, Remembrance of Things Past, vol. I, pp. 630-31. (Translation by C.K. Scott Moncrieff.)
35. Clair, Reflexion faite, p. 77. (The quote dates from 1924.) See also Rotha, The Film Till Now, pp. 367-8.
36. Cf., for instance, Balazs, Der sichtbare Mensch, p. 120.
37. Cf. Bachmann, "The Films of Luis Bunuel," Cinemages, no. 1.
38. Quoted from Laffay, "Les grands themes de Fecran," La Revue du cinema, April 1948, vol. II, no. 12:13. Cf. the reviews of the French film, We Are All Murderers, in The New York Times, Jan. 9, 1957; New York Post, Jan. 9, 1957; and Cue, Jan. 12, 1957. The reviewers unanimously praise this film about capital punishment in France for its grim realism and "pitiless candor" (N.Y. Times); and all of them clearly imply that it falls to the cinema to show horrors as they really are.
39. See Kracauer, From Caligari to Hitler, pp. 194-6. For an adequate rendering of such special modes of reality film makers may also have to draw on pictures belonging to "reality of another dimension."
CHAPTER 4
1. Stern, "D. W. Griffith and the Movies," The American Mercury, March 1944, vol. LXVIII, no. 303:318-19.
2. See Kracauer, From Caligari to Hitler, pp. 69-70.
3. Cf. Kracauer, "Silent Film Comedy," Sight and Sound, Aug.-Scpt. 1951, vol. 21, no. 1:31.