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56 THREE-DIMENSIONAL MOTION PICTURES of the object Itself. The impression is then the same as if the eye was looking directly at the object. If the image is collected on the screen so as to make a per manent impression upon it, and this is indeed the case in pho tography when the sensitive plate or film acts as a collecting screen, such image is revived into the eye at any time its gaze is directed upon it. It is obvious that the image formed upon the photographic plate or film must be as similar as possible to the object photo graphed in order to transmit to the mind the impression that the onlooker is looking at the object itself. The formation of such perfect image involves many optical problems and considerations. PIN HOLE IMAGES It has been previously stated that an object emits very defin ite radiations from each of its points and that these radiations travel in a straight line. It was also said that the camera ob- scura is an instrument by means of which images of objects can be collected upon a screen. The formation of images in the camera obscura is the sim plest example of such phenomenon and its explanation will serve as guide in the study of image formation by optical instruments. If we theoretically suppose the orifice of the camera obscura small enough to permit the passage of only one of the several rays of light emitted by a given point of the object we can visualize that only this one ray concurs to form the image of the object point on the wall of the camera obscura opposite to the opening and only one single ray from each point of the object will enter the camera obscura and strike the wall in such position that a complete image of the object is formed on it. Let us consider the line I V as representing the object; o the small opening in a wall of a darkened room and s a screen upon which the image of the object is formed.