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60 THREE-DIMENSIONAL MOTION PICTURES The same reasoning applied to the object point V proves the formation of a patch of light at the point / of the screen, which is the best obtainable image of the object point I'* The circular shape of the patch will be altered into an oval shape the farther the image of the object point is from the axial point $. The image of the central point will thus be sharper than at any other point of the image surface, this sharp ness gradually diminishing the farther the image point is from the center s. The patches of light thus formed are called the circles or discs of confusion and it is quite evident that the sharpness of the whole image is dependent upon the size of these discs. RESOLVING POWER OF THE EYE The unavoidable formation of the discs of confusion would make it impossible to obtain images of sufficient sharpness if the eye had the power to distinguish their existence at the smaller size that diffraction permits. But the eye does not fortunately possess such a keen power of separation. If two lines are drawn on a sheet of paper very close and parallel to each other and are looked at while the paper is moved away from the eye, a certain distance will be found at which the eye fails to distinguish any separation between them, and the two lines blend into each other and appear as one. Two points will, under the same conditions, also appear as one. The power that the e'ye possesses to distinguish two separate lines or points is called the resolving power of the eye. There are many factors which control the resolving power of the eye, such as the size of the two points in respect to the distance separating them, the intensity of the light under which they are viewed, the contrast existing between the points and the spaces of separation and so forth. All these considerations waved aside it can be stated as a general and elastic rule that the eye has the power to resolve