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THREE-DIMENSIONAL MOTION PICTURES 63 procedure only In special cases which lie far beyond the scope of this book and have not found as yet adaptation in practical cinematography. The image formed by the camera obscura, is a real image because each small pencil of rays which is admitted through the pin hole opening, actually strikes the surface of the screen. If the screen is a sensitive plate or film, it will be affected by these pencils of light and the photographic permanent image of each and every point of the object may be obtained. The image formed by the camera obscura has been said to have such a low luminosity that a great amount of exposure coNvexo- CONCAVE. MENISCUS DOUBLE CONVEX DOUBLE CONCAVE PLAWO CONCAVE CONCAVO- CONVEX MENISCUS POSITIVE" LENSES NEGATIVE LENSES is necessary for the sensitive emulsion to undergo the changes which produce the photographic image. The limitations imposed by the lack of sufficient illumination of the image obtained by a pin hole are overcome by the pos sibility of converging to one point in an image plane situated behind the optical system, a great number of rays emitted by one object point. The figure illustrates the condition of convergence which the light rays shall answer to bring forth the increase of illumina tion of image-points .which is highly desirable. The aperture o o r which admits the light rays, being greatly enlarged, it results that the great number of rays emanated from an object point I for example, and made to pass through the aperture would not form an image unless they are made to converge so that their paths are directed towards one single