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178 THREE-DIMENSIONAL MOTION PICTURES all of the stage. Many of the sound waves they create are non-directional. It is not surprising, therefore, that the reproduction of such an orchestra, over a single channel system with highly directional speakers leaves some thing lacking. In the Fantasound system three huge main speaker systems occupy a width greater than that of the sound screen, so that the sound comes from the whole stage and not just one section. In addition to the stage speak ers, small cahinet-type speakers are installed along Both sides of the auditorium and across the rear. Normally, these are operating at so low a level that the audience does not realize they are there; however, they add ma terially to the illusion. When directional stage speakers are used even though they are spread, most of the sound energy is directed down into the audience, and much less sound energy strikes the walls than if a live orchestra were playing. If a person were seated in an auditorium listening to a live orchestra, much of the sound reaching his ear would have been reflected from the walls about him so he gets the illusion of sound coming from all sides. The additional auditorium speakers help simulate this con dition in the reproduction of Fantasia and places the audience in the midst of the music. One further effect which adds realism to the sound reproduction is that of "acoustic perspective", or the process of making sound move about the screen in ac cordance with the action taking place. This can easily be accomplished with the Fantasound system, since three separate channels are available each with its own signal source and loudspeaker system. Disney uses acoustic perspective to obtain very striking effects in this picture. The tremendous amount of research and study in volved in developing this unique sound system and the experience gained in its installation and test have opened up a complete new field in sound-on-film re production. It is felt that many of the advantages of