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with this Society in determining what constitutes good theatre lighting and in making difinite recommendations for those interested in this subject. There is, I beHeve, Uttle question that some general illumination is desirable.
Before leaving the subject of contrast, I wish to mention that film producers are endeavoring to a greater and greater extent to provide the proper degree of contrast in their films. More and more care is given to lighting their scenes in such a way that with a projecting beam of normal intensity the proper graduations of light and shade will appear on the screen.
The use of tinted and toned film is becoming more extensive. This tinting and toning serves two purposes — it lends color to the scene, and it reduces the intensity. Usually, the producer has both of these effects in mind. He uses a blue tone, let us say, to portray a moonlight scene. The color gives the observer an impression of moonlight ; the producer intends in all probability that the low intensity shall help in furthering this impression. If, then, the operator, seeing that the picture is not perfectly clear, sends a rush of extra current through his carbons, he kills to an extent the impression that the producer hoped to convey. I have talked with producers who considered this natural tendency of the operator to be a matter worthy of no little consideration.
Data which I have obtained on the transmission of samples of tinted film may be of interest.
Absorption of Light by Various Tints of Films. Film. Per cent of Absorption.
Blank 9%
Yellow 21%
Light Amber 22%
Heavy Amber 33%
Light Blue 33%
Dark Blue 40%
Green 53%
Purple 62%
Orange 67%
Red 79%
The illumination on the screen with the shutter stationary and no film in the machine has been taken as 100%. The values for the tinted samples are given in percentage of light absorption due to the different tints. The values given in the table represent tests on a single sample of each tint and while these samples are believed to be typical others might of course show somewhat higher or lower values.
In view of the foregoing general discussion you will not be surprised when I say that suitable intensities for motion picture projection range probably from as low as 2.5 foot candles to as high as 30*, depending upon local conditions. I do not think that
*Gage, S. H. & H. P. "Optic Projection," 1914.