We use Optical Character Recognition (OCR) during our scanning and processing workflow to make the content of each page searchable. You can view the automatically generated text below as well as copy and paste individual pieces of text to quote in your own work.
Text recognition is never 100% accurate. Many parts of the scanned page may not be reflected in the OCR text output, including: images, page layout, certain fonts or handwriting.
of certain kinds of splices with respect to the duty imposed upon them.
The original theory was (and it still has its adherents) that the wider the splice the stronger it became. The practice was, and is today, largely that of using a splice almost invariably three-sixteenths to one-quarter inches in width. Regardless of how natural the supposition may be, the comparative strength of the splices of extra large width was early proved erroneous. From the experiments which were conducted covering the continuous running through the projectors and printers of film spliced by all known methods, there was finally evolved certain formulae which would produce the most perfect results for negative and positive film.
Among the conclusions reached were: that a beveled splice, approximately one thirty-second of an inch in width, and which would increase the thickness of the spliced portion but .0025, would be the most satisfactory for negative film. First, because it would permit the splicing of raw negative so that its travel through the camera would be without interference; Second, the developed negative could be spliced together for printing, and the resultant positive print would be one which would require no cut-outs, as the splice being the approximate width of the frame line would not be noticeable. This resulted in being able to affect a considerable saving in the laboratory assembly and joining rooms, particularly as longer rolls could be printed and little cutting up of the positive would be required.
It was further determined that the splice approximately the width equal to the distance between the standard film perforations, or 5/64 inch, would be the most suitable and efficient for the positive film. It was demonstrated that splices of greater width, while evidencing a stronger surface appearance when stressed in parallel alignment, yet after passing over the projection machine sprockets for several runnings, exhibited a tendency to loosen at the corners, as a result of the tangent force exerted in the pulldown of the intermittent. The wider splice lacked the necessary degree of flexibility, owing to the film base becoming stiffened and curled by the hardening of the cement, and naturally it would not long withstand being conformed to the curvature of the film sprockets. This contention ma}' easily be proved by making the following, simple test:
Take two pieces of cardboard, stiff paper, or film, overlap each piece approximately one-half inch, and thoroughly secure one to the other by means of cement, glue, or other adhesive. Thence take two similar pieces, securing one to the other, as before, only overlapping one-quarter inch. It will be found that the piece embodying the narrower patch can be bent to a smaller radius before breaking than can the unit containing the wide patch.
This example serves to illustrate the relative merit of a narrow and wide splice in its particular application to positive film. The splice unnecessarily wide requires a greater amount of labor and cement in its making; it creates the irregularities and difficulties which have been so long identified with the exhibition of motion
43