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COLOR TONING OF CINE FILMS By F. E. Ives
NATURAL color cinematography is au fait accompli, and will develop great importance, but inherent limitations and increased cost as compared with the monochrome will for a long time to come limit its use. Color toning and tinting on the other hand need add very little to the cost, and if skillfully applied adds much to the beauty and realism of the average production which the absence of all color would make monotonous to the eye.
The element of cost is of such importance, I was told in one of the larger Hollywood studios, that their efficiency experts would permit a limited amount of tinting, but prohibit the use of the more costly chemical toning processes. The object of my presence here is to bring to your attention a new method by which color toning is possible with unlimited choice of hues and perfect control of depth of tone or color, at a negligible cost.
In brief, it consists in immersing the black-and-white positive film for five minutes in a preparing bath which costs less than a cent a gallon, then from ten to thirty minutes in a dye bath which is also very cheap, and finishing by washing, in most cases for not more than ten minutes.
The preparing bath consists of 20 grains of potassium ferricyanide, 4 grains of ammonium bichromate and 8 minims of sulphuric acid, in each gallon of water. Unlike the chemical toning solutions, this solution keeps indefinitely except as exhausted by use, and it can be brought to full strength again in. a minute by adding a little concentrated solution.
This bath, if allowed to act sufficiently long, say two hours, would convert the metallic silver image entirely into silver ferricyanide, which as produced in an acid solution is the most powerful mordant I know of for basic dyes; but for dye toning it suffices to immerse for five minutes, producing no visible change in the silver image. I prefer to immerse the positive dry, but they may be immersed wet with the precaution to keep them moving in the solution to displace and even rapidly the water in the film. No washing is necessary before transferring to the dye bath, but I recommend a quick rinsing.
The dyes which I recommend are malachite green, Victoria green, rhodamine, auramine and chrysoidine. Baths may be made up as follows :
Water, 1 gallon, Malachite Green 16 grains, glacial acetic acid, 1 oz. " " " Victoria Green 16 " " " " ll/2 "
" " " Rhodamine, 32 " " " " 1 "
" " " Auramine, 64 " " " " 1 "
" " " Chrysoidine, 32 " " " " IV2"
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