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■ Crabtree — The Handling of Motion Picture Film 41
field a changing bag will eliminate the necessity of carrying an excessive number of charged retorts. If at the end of the day any unexposed film still remains in the camera this together with the exposed film should be packed awav in cans so that it will not absorb moisture.
The Care of Motion Picture Film After Exposure and Before Development
If any considerable period of time must elapse after the negative film is exposed and before it is developed, the film should be dried out as thoroughly as possible in order to retard the fading of the latent image, and fogging of the emulsion, and to prevent the possible formation of moisture spots as explained above. The film should not be dried to the point where it becomes excessively brittle, otherwise it would be apt to crack or develop static when unrolling previous to development. Two methods of drying the film are possible as follows:
A. Thoroughly dry out a quantity of clean paper by heating in an oven and pack loosely in a box fitted with a tight lid. Place the loosely wound film in the center of the dry paper and allow to remain over night. The desiccated paper rapidly absorbs moisture from the film and should be redried daily. On removing from the drying box, repack the film immediately.
B. A more rapid method of drying the film consists in placing the film in a container together with calcium chloride which rapidly extracts moisture from the surrounding air. Calcium chloride is supplied commercially either as sticks or as porous lumps which pulverize when shaken so that if the chloride were placed in close contact with the film, fine particles of dust might be shaken onto the film, while in time the calcium chloride liquifies and this might also run on to the film. It is better, therefore, to use pumice or asbestos wool impregnated with the calcium chloride so as to prevent possible injury to the film by the pulverized or liquid chemical. Thoroughly soak the broken pumice or asbestos wool in a saturated solution of the calcium chloride and then dry out thoroughly on a shovel or a piece of sheet iron over a fire; place the pumice on the bottom of a wooden box or metal can and support the film over this on a suitable perforated shelf. A convenient drying box is made by soldering together two motion picture film cans back to back and then perforating the base now common to the two cans. The absorbent material may then be placed in one section of the twin can and covered with a little absorbent cotton and the film placed in the adjoining section. When the pumice or asbestos wool loses its desiccating property by becoming moist it may be restored by reheating over the fire, and this process may be repeated indefinitely.
The Development of Negative and Positive Motion Picture Fihn
at High Temperatures Although in the larger motion picture laboratories it is possible to control the temperature of all developing solutions, many small