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International Coiigress of Photography — Clerc 41
following the example set by the Pathe works, that manufacturers had normally supplied perforated film. Until this time the operation of perforating was carried out by the printer in accordance with his needs and on film whose tendency to shrinkage had already considerably diminished. The pitch of the perforation then remains reasonably constant. Nowadays, on the contrary, the manufacturer of the film supplies to his customers, frequently a considerable distance from the factory of origin, perforated film which is not used until a long time after perforation, the film being perforated when the emulsion is fresh and still very moist. Under these conditions shrinkage is very accentuated, and the pitch is, therefore, considerably less than that of the new stock. There is also to be added to these circumstances normal drying of the film during exhibition and local conditions which may influence the film in course of working, especially in very dry climates. To sum up, the film perforated by the manufacturer so soon after sensitising does not retain its pitch, the shrinkage is all the greater when considerable time elapses between perforation and use and when the film is kept in a hot or dry atmosphere.
Mr. Decaux mentioned that to avoid these objections the Gaumont Company had kept to the old method of perforating the film themselves, keeping it in stock for a certain time in order that the perforating may not be carried out until after the initial period, during which film shrinkage is particularly rapid.
Mr. Geyer recognized that if perforation is carried out by the manufacturer of films, only the raw stock can be standardized, but the manufacturer should guarantee that the shrinkage would not at any time exceed 2 per cent,
Mr. Lobel stated that agreement seemed impossible on the subject of shrinkage, and the consumer who had no confidence in the manufacturer's perforating had always the option of himself perforating his own films. Mr. Blake mentioned that the Eastman Kodak Company was always pleased to supply unperf orated film.
After this discussion the Congress decided that standardization should apply to all stock.
At the request of Professor Goldberg and in conformity with the opinion expressed by Dr. Sheppard, it was agreed that the dimensions about to be decided upon should be established on the hypothesis of a shrinkage not exceeding 13^ per cent after 720 hours drying in a current of air moving at a speed of three metres per second at a temperature of 60° Centigrade and a relative humidity of 70 per cent.