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130 Transactions of S.M.P.E., March 1926
but I do not think that as such it will be very profitable. I started this work merely as an entering wedge. The question of scratches as such is beginning to exhaust its value; it appears that the practical man is in agreement with the laboratory, but whether covering solutions of this kind cover the behavior of edge injuries is, I think, worthy of experimental investigation.
Mr. Richardson's question with regard to longitudinal scratches is, I think, definitely answered.
Coming to Dr. Hickman's remarks, the question as to the direction of the stress applied with regard to the nick is unquestionably of great importance. In all the pull down tests the stress was applied transverse to the nick. In the case of the folding tests, probably twist occurs with any machine. That is worth following up.
Mr. Richardson: How is film going to get that kind of a scratch in practice?
Dr. Sheppard: You do have scratches in different directions. I took the worst possible. Formerly, we investigated scratches lying in different directions.
Mr. Richardson: The effect of such scratching would, I beheve, to all intents and purposes be negligible as regards weakening the film.
Mr. Denison: I follow film conditions very closely, and I agree with Mr. Richardson that we don't get transverse folds that ever affect the film. In V-ing film it might occur occasionally. You are more apt to get it in rewinding, and if the projector is in fairly good condition, you don't get a twist sufficient to damage the film. At least, I am stating that on my past experience only.
Dr. Sheppard I am entirely open to suggestion and conviction on the matter of twist.
Mr. Richardson: In the projector you may or may not have a side pull between the upper magazine and the upper sprocket. There can be no side pull except where there are crookedly made splices after the film has left the upper sprocket, because thereafter everything is in perfect alignment, and that alignment cannot be changed. On one popular professional projector it is possible to get the upper sprocket and upper magazine out of alignment, in which case there vvould be some side pull, which might develop into a very hard pull under some conditions.
Dr. Sheppard: I was not considering only the projection machine. . There are processing machines in which the film passes around a spiral so that there is twist produced on it, and the relation of twist