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12 Transactions of S.M.P.E., January 1927
baths, and is rapidly challenging the popularity of metabisulfite or acetic acid for this purpose.
The retarding effect in developers at low temperatures^^ is given by Hiibl's table showing the time of appearance of the image at normal temperature, as well as the retardation for a 10-degree C. change in temperature for a number of developers.
Production of flexibility and the lessening of static in motion picture film has received much attention. ^° A non-static film is made by applying to it an electrolytic solution dissolved in cellulose ester solvent and drying the film. A film with high flexibility maintenance^^ is made by a composition including cellulose acetate and tributyrin.
Investigations of the effect of scratches and cuts upon the strength of motion picture film have been extended to processed film in different conditions. ^^ Scratches were made on the film by drawing it at a constant rate under a point bearing a given load, and the effect of the scratch was determined both by measurement of the elastic curve and by folding tests. The investigation on the whole confirms previous conclusions as to the effect of scratches upon bare film support not coated with emulsion.
Further research has been carried on in the held of photographic chemicals. A patent has been granted^^ on a cellulose nitrate composition substantially free from camphor including cellulose nitrate, monochlornaphthalene, arid a monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol containing from three to six carbon atoms such as butyl alcohol. An important method of manufacturing sodium thiosulfate^^ involving treating sodium carbonate with sulphur dioxide and gaseous sulphur has been developed.
Research has developed a method^^ by which inert gelatin for use in photographic emulsions is prepared by freeing wholly or partly ordinary gelatin from sensitizing compounds normally contained therein by treatment with an oxidizing agent.
While 16-mm. film has been definitely standardized in this country, a 173^-mm. width motion picture film has been designed in
29 "Phot. Rund.," 62, Nov., 1925, p. 428. 3»U. S. Patent 1,570,062. 3'U. S. Patent 1,572,232.
32 "Trans." S. M. P. E., 24, p. 122 (Communication No. 251 Eastman Laboratories) .
"U. S. Patent 1,580,189 (Eastman Kodak Company). ^ U. S. Patent 1,570,253 (Grasselli Chemical Company). 2« British Patent 245,456.