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Progress in the Motion Picture Industry 435
New Applications
X-ray motion pictures have been successfully made in England. The motion picture section of the Trade Commission in Paris reports that motion pictures of the hand, foot, and knee in motion, clearly showing bone movements, and of the chest showing the beating of the heart and movement of the ribs in the process of breathing were displayed before an educational body at the International Studio at Elstree, England."^
An apparatus for taking motion pictures of surgical operations has been patented which fulfills the conditions for asepsis. The camera is suspended from the ceiling and is controlled-by motors outside of the room; it takes a view that portrays the details and is said not to require lighting harmful to the patient or operators.'^
Slow motion botanical studies ma}^ be made with a motion picture camera having its exposure mechanism actuated by a clockwork motor, thus making single exposures at any predetermined intervals of a half minute to two hours. ^°
The motion picture camera has been used to determine the melting point and record the liquefaction of graphite in the electric furnace. ^^
Latest progress in the field of micro-cinematography is covered in a recent description of various devices used in this work. A camera having an auxiliary shutter between the lamp and the microscope is focussed from the rear through the film.^
A battery of four single exposure motion picture cameras were installed in a county court house to make photographic records. The cameras were suspended vertically over the records to be photographed, and exposures were made by means of foot pedals; 40,000 pages could be daily copied. ^^ The French have also made use of films in court. The details of a daring gem robbery were reconstructed and filmed, and the picture was shown for the benefit of the courtroom at the trial. This is said to be the first time that motion pictures have been used in court for the application of justice. ^^
Physiology
Some further experiments have been made to determine the effect of the motion picture upon the human eye. It has been reported that more eye fatigue was caused by 45 minutes' reading than by viewing black and white motion pictures for a period of one and a half hours.