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Progress in the Motion Picture Industry 439
involved in the production of four different effects or scenes were discussed and a description given of the methods used J ^^ In another paper presented at this meeting a resume was given of various patents which have been issued on methods of trick photography.^^^
Fifteen methods of trick photography have been described to illustrate how the cinematographer analyzes motions in two or more directions. Reverse camera, glass work, double exposure, one picture turn, decreasing the taking speed, slow motion photography, stop camera and substitute, fade in and fade out, double printing, double exposure by use of mirrors, projection printing, and the use of mechanical devices are among the methods described. ^^^
A method of trick photography known as the Schuefftan combination process has been patented. A mirror having the silver backing removed locally is placed in the field of the camera, and part of the scene painted in miniature is taken by reflection in the mirror. The images are made to blend into each other by vignetting the clear opening in the mirror. ^20,121, 122 'pj^jg process has proved useful for many kinds of motion picture work, including color cinematography.^23 Further applications of the process have been enumerated. The relative sizes of objects can be changed by placing them at different distances. A collecting lens is used on the other side of the mirror to bring both objects into focus in the camera, and with a combination of several mirrors the size of the vignetted exposure aperture hole may be varied during the action. ^^4
Another new process has been described in which action taken on one location may be superimposed with complete naturalness on scenes which were made on another location. ^-^
Two other recent patents cover processes in which pictures are taken by the use of direct masks and masked reflectors in the field of view, ^26 ^^^ ^ method is employed in which silhouettes are thrown on a transparent background. ^^^
1 Moving Picture World, June 25, 1927, p. 559. Motion Picture News, June 24, 1927, p. 2433. Motion Pictures Today, July 2, 1927, p. 3.
2 Motion Pictures Today, Aug. 2, 1927, p. 3.
3 American Cinematographer, Aug. 1927, p. 22.
4 Film Daily, July 2, 1927, Vol. XLI, 17, p. 1.
5 Rabier, Filmtechnik, May 1, 1926, pp. 184-G.
6 E. Palme, Filmtechnik, Nov. 10, 1926, pp. 537-40.
7 The Cine Kodak News, June 1927.
8 Motion Picture News, July 15, 1927, p. 144.
9 Kinemat. Supp., Oct. 28, 1926, p. 95.