Society of Motion Picture Engineers : incorporation and by-laws (1927)

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714 Transactions of S.M.P.E., Vol XI, No. S2, 1927 water and swelling, that is, increasing its volume from the very start. On further examination of this peculiarity, it was found that the initial contraction vanished when the water was kept below a certain temperature and further that the temperature at which the contraction appeared depended upon the thickness of the gelatin layer. SWELLING OF ASH-FREE GELATINE IN DISTILLED WATER AT20''C. 40 35 30 ZS 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 , i A A ff^ h/ <i / f/ ^ r^ i ^ i A PHIC G0,6 KNE .c dS 047 CM. B c 68,5 56,5 9 .C 7 .( 070 100 CM. CM. 20 40 60 80 100 120 TIME (MINUTES) Fig. 5. 140 160 ISO Y\ ithout at this time attempting anj^thing like a complete explanation of this behavior, this is further evidence of the forces at work in swelling which are tending to effect a rearrangement of the particles in the gelatin layer. Sequence of Swelling Effects in Photographic Processing When a photographic film is run through a treatment in which it passes from plain water to an alkaline developing bath and then