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558 Transactions of S.M.P.E., Vol XII, No. 34, 1928
MOVIOLA FILM VIEWING MACHINES I. Serrurier*
After the cameramen are through with their work and the laboratory has furnished a print of all the scenes that have been taken, there is a great deal of work yet to be done before the film is ready for projection in a theater.
Until about three years ago all film editing and cutting was done with the aid of an illuminated opal glass window in a table and sometimes a magnifying glass. It can be readily understood that it is very difficult to determine just by looking at a piece of film, exactly what action takes place on it, especially where the action is slow and happens only on a small part of the picture. The Moviola Film Viewing machines have been designed to make this task easier.
The machine consists of an enclosure whi^J contains an ordinary 25-watt lamp, the light of which is diffused by opal glass behind an aperture over which the film passes. The thus illuminated film is observed through a set of viewing lenses which are so arranged that the picture can be seen best by the observer at ordinary reading distance with both of his eyes, and even by two peopleat the same time if one looks over the other's shoulder.
The film is moved through the machine by a standard 16-tooth sprocket which is driven by a geneva intermittent movement ahd this in turn is driven by a small motor. The motor is so controlled by a foot-operated rheostat that not only the starting and stopping but also the speed can be regulated. A toggle switch for reversing the direction of rotation of the motor is applied to the machine in such manner that when the machine runs the film moves in the direction in which the handle of the switch points. When the handle of the switch points upward the film moves upward which corresponds with forward action on the film.
Fig. 1 shows one of the latest machines of model C, which is equipped with a framing device and large lenses, adjustably mounted. The electrical connections are made with steel armored cable and the machine has been so designed that the motor is entirely enclosed and the parts that require cleaning and oiling can all be reached without opening the machine. The latest addition is a winding flange which is useful for winding loose film into rolls and also for braking the machine by hand when a quick stop is desired.
During the last year we have added two new models. One is similar to this machine in appearance and operation but is made for use with 16 mm. film. In this machine the film is moved by an 8-tooth sprocket for 16 mm. film and two small gears had to be inserted between this sprocket and the geneva movement in order to give the sprocket an intermittent movement of 8 steps of 15 degrees per revolution. The framing device could of course be ornil ted in this model.
The other new model which we added recently is the Model D or Directors' Model (Fig. 2). The principal diff-erence is that a take-up arrange
* Hollywood, Calif.