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Report of the Progress Committee 73
were used, whose wattage totaled nearly four million/^* Lamps are being used extensively on sets for decorative effects such as signs, tables and wall lights, etc.
Some cameramen have noted less shadow detail with sets illuminated with tungsten lamps only;^^ but further experience is necessary to substantiate these results. An important report has been published of the results of the lighting test experiment conducted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in conjunction with the American Society of Cinematographers and the Association of Motion Picture Producers.^^ Several interesting general papers on the characteristics of incandescent illumination have been published in our Transactions and in other journals.^^ The 2,000-watt and the 5,000-watt lamps with 18 inch parabolic reflectors are finding extensive use, and a 10 KW. lamp in a 36 inch reflector is being tried out. A new 50 KW. lamp has been described having a chimney-like extension containing radiating disks for heat dissipation.^^ A coarse tungsten powder is being added to the 5 and 10 KW. lamps to reduce the bulb blackening and permit operation of the lamp at a higher efficiency.
Arc lights have been modified extensively during the past two years, especially since the expanded program of sound motion pictures w^as inaugurated during the spring of 1928. Several types of incandescent ''spots," ''suns," and "broads" have been described.^^ Some of the spotlights have filter frames operated automatically by electro-magnets. The use of parabolic chromium plated surfaces has increased the light intensity of side arc lamps."^^ Data have been published on the characteristics of flame arcs for studio lighting/^ as well as a more general paper tabulating the luminous efficiencies of various lighting units. "^^
The neon-arc in combination with the mercury vapor tube appears to offer a light having properties suitable for exposure of panchromatic film.^^ A satisfactory lighting unit is claimed to be obtained by selecting a dye which fluoresces in the red region and coating this on the reflector used with a mercury lamp.'^* Another method of obtaining red radiation is the use of a sodium-potassium alloy which is excited in the same way as a mercury lamp.^^
Very effective flares^^ for night photography are commercially available which can be ignited by means of dry cells.
Make-up. The art of making-up has undergone extensive