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74 Transactions of 8.M.P.E., Vol. XIII, No. 37, 1929
changes with the introduction of panchromatic stock and incandescent lighting equipment. Grease paints must more nearly conform to actual flesh tints/^ Two valuable articles on this subject by M. Factor and by L. Chaney were published in the Academy Reports No. 1 previously mentioned.^^
Exposure Meters. In a new model exposure meter of the extinction type/^ the settings have been chosen to suit normal practice by correlating the principal setting to the exposure time of 1/32 sec. In another optical type meter, the fixed standard of illumination is derived from the impact of radium on a small area of zinc sulfide. '^^
Trick Work and Special Process PJiotography. In the Fox production ''Sunrise/' the camera was used to express moods and thoughts, thus avoiding the use of titles wherever possible.^^ A number of patents have been taken out on methods of obtaining trick effects. ^^ Effects so protected include among others the use of small size scenery, rotating prismatic lenses, exposure through a blocked-out mask film, pseudo-relief effects, etc. A method of synchronizing several motion picture cameras with one sound-recording device has been patented.^^ A novel method of composite photography which was described recently before the Society permits double exposure (without phantom effects) into miniature action or into distant location shots.^^
Many unusual effects obtained in motion pictures are introduced during printing, and special optical printers have been designed.^* In one process backgrounds are inserted with the use of a traveling matte. ^^ An automatic focussing device adaptable to either horizontally or vertically mounted title or cartoon cameras has been described by Norling.^^ Distortion effects not present in the negative may be introduced according to one patent, by the use of a prism having an aspherical lenticular face.^^ A few patents dealing with methods of making composite pictures have been issued.^^ Of interest to workers doing special process photography where" slight variations in shrinkage of films result in serious distortion of images, is a new graduated gauge which gives a direct reading of the pitch of any film by simply laying the film on the gauge. ^^
In sound recording work voice doubling has been accomplished, particularly in the ease of songs and instruments where the rhythm