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94 Transactions of 8M.P.E., Vol. XIII, No. 37, 1929
the copra packed and shipped to the United States. The picture is vivid and interesting. Wliile showing cocoanuts, the student learns something about the tropics, its vegetation, its people, their appearance, habits, customs, method of dress. Visual instruction may supply their background knowledge, and so bring the subject within the scope of the child's experience.
The student may lack interest. The subject may lack reality and clearness. Pictures frequently bring such a graphic, compelling human portrayal of the subject that student interest is aroused and maintained.
2. Teacher's lack of ability. The teacher may be well informed, but lacking in the human touch, the knack of ' ' getting over. ' ' Lighted pictures are an effective tool in the teacher's kit, which lend color and vividness to the program, and help her to get her instruction across.
3. Lack of teacher's training. Over 100,000 teachers in the United States have only an elementary school education. These are not adequately trained for their jobs. While no teaching device however good, can make good this loss, yet the poorly prepared teacher is able by the use of visual devices, to give her pupils a minimum standard of instruction. The greater her ability, the richer becomes her program of instruction when she uses visual aids.
4. The over crowded curriculum. Eecall that the average number of years a child in the United States goes to school is 7, and the average number of school days each year is about 140 ; that the High School student is in school only 4% of his time. Then compare the ever increasing list of subjects being taught in elementary and high schools. With this background, the need for the wider use of effective time and labor-saving devices with which to reach the objectives of education, is immediately apparent. Visual aids are effective tools to help an over crowded curriculum. In the use of visual aids, there is an actual saving of time needed to impart a given amount of knowledge.
5. Over crowded classes. Many students may see large, lighted pictures, either stills or movies, at one time, without loss of interest or discipline. The use of pictures is adapted to specialized instruction and the use of the platoon system. Thus they help solve the problems of large classes.