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Transactions of S.M.P.E., Vol. XIII, No. 38, 1929
80 feet of film had been processed per gallon. From curve B it is seen that the restraining products had the effect of removing or subtracting a constant density from both the highlights and shadows of the negative. Since the fog density, however, dropped from 0.22 to 0.14 there has been very little decrease in the effective emulsion speed (see also Fig. 7). The speed decreases to a value equal to about 60 or 70 per cent of initial value. Development beyond this point (80 feet per gallon) results in a much greater decrease in emul
1.0
0.4
600
15 MIN.
9 MIN.
15 MIN.
9 MIN,
QUANTITY OF FILM PROCESSEP ^FEE.T PER GALLON)
30
60
dO
60
no
140
160 260
Figure 7. Exhauston Curves for a 120-gallon Tank of Borax Developer Showing Gamma and Relative Seed Values for a Development Time of Nine and Fifiteen Minutes (Rack and Tank Method at 65°F.).
(Eastman Negative Panchromatic Motion Picture Film, Type 2)
sion speed. Curve E indicates the condition of the developer after 200 feet of film had been processed per gallon and shows that the film speed is only 30 per cent of its original value.
The accumulation of the alkali bromides is partially responsible for the drop in the film speed shown in Curve E but no satisfactory method is known for removing them from the developer.
Further tests were made to determine if any of the usual developer constituents could be added to bring back the speed of the emulsion to its original value in the fresh developer. Borax, Elon, hydroquinone, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and potassium