Variety (Apr 1946)

S2 RABIO REVIKWS Wt)Jncfld«y^ April IQ, 1944 •SPOTLIGHT BANI>S" ^Vlili Guy I.ombardo, Xavler Ougat, Uarry James Orrhs AVrilcrs: Ucoree r,othar, Edmund. Anderson, .Um Burton'' I Proilucei". Bob Salter SO MIns.: Mon.-Weil.-Kri., 9;S» p.m. COCA-COLA ■ WOn-Mutual, N. V. | iD'i4ri-!/) r Coc';i-Col;i s now "Spotlijiht Bands." series i.-; by fsiv the best idea it lias ' had since it .started the programs.* Ill^•^ead ot usinj; any and aB the top ; K.id boUom bands in action around l!ie counli-y. it has hiniJlcd out Guy I Lonibardo, Xavicr Cngat and Harry | Jjnic.s as the top poudlei's liC swi-cl.', Latin and s^ing, ros))cctively, to do , the thrice-wcckly .shows. ; Not only do the bands sivc the sponsor better pcriormance. tlicy allow room for belter tlijngs to talk about. As a result, with the nr.r, Lonibardo show a torlni.aht a^p U). the Coke scripts lost the tendency to be compared with the sas the com- pany bottles Willi its soi't-drink ■ for- mula. They are now bright, li.'<tcn- ablc, provide the individual leatlcrs with jibes to lo.>;s at one another. Thi.s, combined with the idea pt bav- ins each leader select a difVerent song weekly, which the bands' of all.| three play for comparisons, is sock 1 tic-in material. Lombardo led olV llic scries with a j smooth 30 minutes of pop, standard : and novelty. It was a typical Lorn-j biirdo broadcast, which ,means that | to a lot ot people it was enjoyable. Hep Hup As part of tlio stcppcd-up tompo of tlic U. S. Army's new rccruilnicnl drive, the .Second Service Command is distribut- ing to stations around the coun- try a .>:pot announccnirnt tran- .s .riplion that , wraps up more showmanship and .sock appeal than many a half-hour slan/a. If the Army fails in (loubling its . reer.uilnienl . in the coming monlli.s, don't blame it on this ciip.'iulc jin-le. . Il'.s a rci'i'uitlns version of the "Duckworih Chaiit." compo.sed bv Pvt. Willie Duckworth, liasod oil the ■ "livp-two-three-four" cadence coun.i. As. narrated by Arno Taiiuey with ; a full-bodied a : cipi-lia background eliaul that combines a jive technique Willi a sugges- tion of the WofKly Gutliric-AKm Loma.x People's Song forinula, it packs a terride vyallop that almost makes one forget the di.s- torbing overtones of the text. It ciHild easily pave the way for a wliol<' new trend in mu.-:ical spots utili7.ihg artistry and .sound showmanhip. .Rose. "TO LIVE IN PEACE" With Walter Kifernan; Walter Iler- llhy, Gcorse Hayes, announcers Producer: nan Martin Ed. Supiervlsor: Jolin T. MadlKan Writer: A'inee Dempsey 0 MIns.; Sal.. 1 p.m, Cugarfoliow<Ki' Wedn(:.sday (3)'with j Siislainine a show that ranked among the best' W.IZ-.*BC, N; V ever aired for COca-Cbla. . His un- usually fine Latin band hit those bongo rhythms in socko fashion, and Cugat himstlt made a large contri- bution to the overall effect. His broken-English comedy is a definite personality on the ether. He added ze.st to the show, too. by doing imi- tations of both Lombardo and James' styles in addition to performing the song of the wr.cek, "Seems Like Old Times." James' performance Friday (.5) did not measure up. to the others musically (comparatively, since the slvles are diflterent), but he conlrib- Tliis is . another adult. si>tuificanl program well worth one's attention. Saturday's premiere j.n-oiiented simply and dramatically the most vital question affecting the world tp- day-^the UN setup. It disf iissed UN, dramatizing the events of the week (.the Iran .situation V in March-of- Tinie technique, and inlei'rogatcd the man-on-thc-strcet for lii.s opinions as-well as for the question about UN that were, puzzling hiin. Then it went on to discus.^ the paramount problems remaining un- solved: (.1) Iranian oil, (2) oil. de- iited enough to establish the entire posits around the world, t3) UN pro- series as an excellent idea, The.se shows have a couple strikes against them when they step, up to the mike (.'"Information Please" op- posite Lombardo, "Mr. District At- torney" opposite Cugat). • With the new era of Cugat. Lombardo, James, cedure on future disputes. Does or docs not Russia need more oil than now existing within its borders; how is Great Britain fixed for oil through- out the Empire;, have the world's oil fields been overworked during the recent war? By the time these i.s- the coke-makels ihould get a belter } sues behind the UN dispute of last ! show, rating for their money. It's definite ly a great improvement. Vood "THE WEEK AHEAD" With Richard L. Tobin, Ned Rns sell, Bert .\ndrews Producer: Bichard I,. Tobin \h MIns.: Mon., 10:45 p.m. HERALD TRIBUNE ' WOR, N. y. Supplementing ils nishlly show at ll:l.^i the Herakl Tribuno is sponsoring a program that offers short-term forecasts Knd trcnd.s in the news, "The Week Ahead" is built around pickups from Trib's Washington bureau and foreign of- (icr,'!, with Richard L. Tobin regu- larly handling the local news, out- look and Trib plugs. Initial stanza was something .short of a glimpse into news futurities, and sounded more like a simple cal- endar of what's on for the week. Calendars may be u.scful, but they i-.nely generate interest. Ned Rus- .vell'.s comments from London came closest to fulfilling the program idea, w ith a report on the nieaniiig of the re.-.umcd Dutch-Indonesian talks for Ihc colonial world and Aiiglo-Ru.s- m;ui relations. week were dis(:ussed and dramatized, a couple of average Americans in the studio who had expressed doubts and opinions had been aided or edi- fied; Variety in program format—dra- matizing UN meetings: interrogating average troubled citizens: delving documentary-fashion into the i'^sues' backgrounds^helped immeasurably . on this highly effective, intensely in- ncw;s teresting program. Producer, writer, cast and web rate a bow fop a line public! service. • Bio%v. "IIOLIDAT KOB MUSIC With David Resc'ii Orchestra, KlUy Kalleri, Curt Massey. Writer: Van Woodward ' IMrrctor: Ed Cashman 3« Mins.: Wed., 1^:36 p.m. .N'A.Sil-KELVlNATOR . WABC-CBS, N. y. iGeyer, Conrcll & iVeiuell) I This replacement for the Andrew.-- Sistcre show, once it gels production problems straightened out. should Drove a highly llstennblc half-hour. To help pull a listening audience it has the advantage of a gimmick that aw.u'ds N'-K products to. diolers i wlio.se .suggestions of musical mate- I rial tor the show are: accepted. 1 Hiiihlight and mainstay of thij . program, of eourso, is Dave Rose's, arranging for and conducting of a tht^o'band. With this program he .clearly establishes himself as a ra- dio conductor of some stature, as woll as an out.standing composer. The work of the band under Ills baton on this debut .show wa.s great, ev(?h though, at one point, his at- tempt to work something difi'erent ; into a pop sung didn't quite come i oflf. This was an airarigeinciit of "It Might As Well Be Spring," writ- ten in three parts, each to indicate 1 by musical embroidery three Of the I. four scason.s-. "Spring" and "winter" portions, it .seemed, were overar- rangcd to achieve the desired effect. R,osc's handling of. lines was fair. Production faults lay in the handling of the singers, Kitty K:.llen aiid Curt .Ma.ssey. Miss Kallen drew only one tune while M:is.sey drew three. There was no attempt at duping the Iwo or otherwise taking advantage of the possibilities in their presence on the slipw. • Miss Kallcn'f one tune, "Person- ality," was well done; it proved her a capable' newcomer to the soloLst ranks (she recently .stepped out from Harry James' orchestra ). Mas.sev, a holdover from the Andiews era,"was nPt 90 impressive. He sings well, mouths lyrics clearly and otherwi.se makes a good impression, but fails to impart a spark to his work. He sings words, not lyrics; 'You listen lo^him for eight bars, concede that hes okay and turn back to your cpiivci-sation. Commercials for various N-K products were rca-sonable and not too_ frequent. They were delivered well by Harlow Wilcox. All in all fir the listener-level this show is designed to reach it's a worthy Wood. Air Show! NBC's broadcn.st Friday fS) of its "Chesterfield Supper Club" show froni-a TWA Constellation : 20,000 -feet above New York. City-^flr.st complete commercial program to be aired from a plane—was more than a slunt. With plane zooming at a. 320» niilc-an-hour clip, and . eireliiig on a 40-niiIe radius, .ship kept within transmitter' distance, so that innovalioiv was completely .sueeossful, with reception ■ per- fectly okay despite a sli.ghtly niuiried qiiality. Roar OC motors proved an. ijitercsting obli.gato, not too .stro:ig to interfere with: reception. Kvent, of cpur.se. opens up maiiy pos.sibilitics in the way of spot news reporting, sports, act.5 of God (flood.s); even wars,. Certainly, it added a fillip to the songs and mn.sic Pf Jo Stafford, Perry Como, et al. ■ Bron, "THE CASE AGAINST CANCER" W-th Budd Knapp, Bernard Braden, oUiers; Elwood GloVer, announcer; Fletcher Sbrkle, narrator; Lacio AROStino orch Writer: Li.slcr Sinclair Producer: Andrew .'%llan 30 Mins.: Wed. (3), 9 p. m. Sustainiiij; CBL-CBC Trans-Canada, Toronto In this .single halt-hour stanza CBC had one ot llie mosi ppw^'rXul examples ot iiislitutional. promotion ever aired within reach of this lis teller's ample car.s. Institutional Broadcast "CROSS-SECTION A PL" With Bill D«Wn.s. others Prodacer-Dircctor: Robert Heller 15 MIns.: Sat., 3:45 p.m. Suslainini; WABC-CBS, N. Y. _ After three months of cri.ss-crbss- mg the CIO on a sustaining bow to public service programming. CBS switched to the AFL last Saturday J^l'- competent team of CBS suffers was at work: Bill Downs doing the interviewing ahd emceeing, with Robert Heller as pro- ducer-director. But that's where the .similarity ended. 'r.'^? CIO bow la.st January was an exciting bit of radio. The General Motors strike was on, and Downs set uphis mike in a stiike kitchen across the street from. o;ie of the .struck plants, interviewing people right off the picket line.. Pro or anti labor as any listener might have been there was no denying that this wa.s live .stuff, .•h ot this Jis- ; a To.%'^ffi;,'^te''' 'lowever. to stage Arranged by It ,i,1,' m ^i}"''^'^ "'e president Dept. ol CBC ^ ..,rt^'\" Building .. I ".ines Employers A.ssn. and "A PRESENT . FROM HOLtT- WOOD" With Three Sonii, Fred B. Cole, aa- nooncer Writer: Ira Marlon ■ Prodacer-Dlrectar: Dan RunscH 15 MIns.; San., 3:I*-3:45 p.m. BOSCUL TEA WJZ-ABC. k: T. (M, H. HacJfefO Will. H. Scull Co., makers of Bois-- cul Tea, has purchased a IS-minule Sunday ^fteriinoit spot on .^BC for a program that's pretty hard to de- fine, except that it adds up to an elongated commercial. What enter- tainment ' value-7-if any—it has, is strifftly incidental to the giveaway motif that uiid^rllnes'the program.' It's called "A Present. From Hollywood." with a weekly capsule playback of a scene frorh a recent film (on the operier it wa.s the Clau- dette Colbert-Orson Welles "Tomor- row Is Forever" pic). Pavh/T for the best 25-word contrib on "Why I Like Bo.scul Tea" is a specific item (In this case a Majestic radio-pjiono- graph) photographed in the scene being reenacted. That allows . for some fancy product plugging, not to mention the ' opening and closing commercials. Somewhere In between the Three Suns, instrumental-vocal V trio, is worked in. Tliere was i^nbugh time for three brieflc eontribs on the get- away prpgram. But the overall im- pression was that the spons-or was taking no chances on losing his Iden- tiflciifioii. Rose. as a' contribution to the Canadian I he-j'* (L'^^i-fSfL .... - -— the AFL Building and Con- ouncil. Between , , _-.lTnd"ew"joTam:;n"whoTad\a^^^^^^^^ S'othe? oS'tJ?! K?^'i'^uP-="!"K chief ot the Trib's Washington pfJ ' stages and was cured. There was in iL mnirSi.™ .i,,„^'^if°''^ Tobin ran the gamut from items ' Cancer Society's ij'ifial appear for i [•IJoyt the UN agend.n to sports an-', lunds. airer was a dramatized story | thel^, they c^^^^^ nouiicemenls, and Bert ficc, dwelt briefly on congressional i shouting from rooftop.-!, no color housing proposals, ihe Briti.sh loan, i''^"■V. »<> pressure gabbin.?—Iii.st Pearl Harbor, health insurance, and i e-it'thy prpduclion so effective- President Ti-uinan'.s .schedule for the underplayed and so smoothly co.-ning week. Serious progno.scs'are h^'^^*" " ^^'^'s practicallv documrn- preduded with such a multiplicity ''^'"^ 'ts impact. Show wa.s a nal- of detail. • , ural for dialer intere.'.t. with no sags and 'con.si,>^tently boff sloiy coiislriic- "MARRIAGE LICENSE BUREAU" With Howard Miller. Easier Straker Prpducer-Dircclor: Howard Miller LI MIns.; Mon. thru Krl„ 11:15 ■ n A.MBER FURNITURE CO. WIND, Chicaeo: tioii handled to pciteelion okay ca.st. Sinclair teed off with Mr. Brown, who refii.-cs to .see a doctoi-. but his sneeze cues a wifely pre.s.siiie. so he makes. an appointment as routine wifc-humorini.', "f;ive me a couple of pills and let me go." he tells the medic, who. in e.\aininin!j Brown, Morey .Imslerdam and Ward Wil- .son are funny emcees of WHN's ! suspects .cancer, in month-oM. liji. tft fSSST in the millcnium through a flve-vcar pact recently signed. * Maybe that ^des°of".\';^;h*"'' people on\h^ .sides of both management and labor But It s iiLst pessible llt?it a live AFL 'f „ S miners' .strike would e made for more exciting lislen- ^♦♦■♦•♦♦♦♦■lii*** ;Follow-up Comment^ is.';ue h; iiig. Howard I^iller and Easl<>r Straker, both clever interviewers, have tliem- .solves axute tw.Lst on the man-on- ■ -k.u.uks weemv iroin 9 am to 1 tho-strect format, quizzing the blush- . . . \ J With boiiuey B<ib HowaV chirSere ing couples who ajjpear at the cily I r. . ■ " Piece out of Vera Hollev Ten-v a liVi, nr.Vj d marriage license buTeau. And the I P™?'" " I'P- B^'ing Sinclair an open- nolds, Iran.' oite La ii^o.ws'irr • interview lead-ins .somelimes bring I ■■'"'nK s™"'l technical writing. Don Arrei and EUa mVv-IIa " odd replies, goo,! for laughrbut "H«y M'-spense stuff on oi [fn^ *^t^^^^^^ for hypersensitive Jistcnei-.s. . , [ ".'l":, ^"^^ V'.'^'''" . I D:u(lciiellc Trios,' Don BiJ.slm's band L.nyout calls for three couple.s to be interviewed, plus three not-loo- .subtle commGrciftls, One gal. when asked what she'd dii if ht-r intended . .spouse snored, replied, "£)h. he does it all the time, and I don't inind." Another reported that her husband- to-bc ncvei- objected when she came to the bi-cakfast table wiUiout make- up, while a third .said that the only fault she could find wilh her gu.y l w.ns that he had cold feet—literally. Just in c.x-c there's no'one at the bureau (which happened once at the beginning of Lent), there have been platters of the .show cut from Saturday interviews, and which are then nlred. A small giveaway—elec- tric clock, iron, etc—^goes to r:ich couple ^luizzcd. roiiiiii. fsniPDcd lip. 'Later, in the ^chow. similar technique is annlicd to the radium needle ticatinent (in Brown, described as"Np more painful than a tooth cxli-action with local anaes- Ihe'fic." Sinclair managed sucees.stiillv to work in vjirious .subtle bits of inforr mation. ■ The whole airer slres,srd the angle: early- diagno.sis and tvcat- ment can rfTrcl a cure.' Also: noth' in" Is to be feared, only iindcrslcKKt. This wa.i boff bally for'.the first fiinflt drive in Canada bv the society, which is .inonsoretl bv the Canadian Medical A.ssn. CBC will air another anli-cancer sh-iw on its Dominion web Anvil.?:' •■'■'ler the tlfic ".Tnur- ct al., its one ot the bright spots on the metropolitan N; Y. morning dials ... WOR s Saturday eve 20 (Juestions for Pageant, is another good "idea" quiz .show which bids fair to catch on.. Permanent p:uiel comprises 14- ycar-old Bobby McGuire. Fred V»n Dcvcntcr, Florence Riiuird (husband- wife-son conibin;ition) and Herb Po- lesie wilh Sylvan UaIii th,-; gucslev past Sat; Howard Dictz due ncjtl Sat Bill Slater is an ok emcee and Don Fredericks clicks as the "my.s- tery voice" which tells the listeners the .-inswers beforehand to the "20 Question.s".. .Gopd idea of the "Can You Toppers" cutting down on the nrv OnV of H'l'K-iie.ss'."'' Ali';"! -TCin" I'''."i""''''''^ comedy (pai Ucuhirly Iho.so will write, Frank Willi.<: prod.nee. i with a kosher l)i o?u") and ,'iycrsify Goriii, I .iContinued on page 48^ "DETECT b COLLECT" With Lew Lehr, emecc: Don Gard- ner, announcer: Teddy Raph orch; audience parKclpalien Writer: Rav Ilarvev Director: Walter Tibbais Producer: Mildred Fenton 25 Mins.: Thura., 9:30 p.m. B F. GOODRICH WJZ-.VBC, N. y. j (BBDtO) I Lew Lehr has succeeded Fred Uttal as emcee on "Detect & Col- ; )(;et," and there's a "grab bagl' at the end now, w-hen the audience parlici- I pationers get extra prizes. That's I the extent of the real.change in the 1 show's foimat. However, despite the overplay in the claims of new- ness, the fact Is that "Detect" col- lects plenty of good-natured laughs. For one listener's dough, it was' a show with mildly humorous aspects I before, and Lew Lehr doesn't spoil ! The queries are just as simple as they ever were, prizes just as screwy, and pace just as fast. In addition to Don Gardner's com- mercials for Goodrich, the spon.sor gets further plugs from the emcee himselff-but it's inoffensive and furthermore, a practice familiar to many other shows of this kind. It's not a stanza that's likelv to reach top ratmg.s—unle.ss a miracle ot revision takes place, and none is evident thus lar. But It deserves a little belter than the mild 5.2 Hooper it has. and will probably get it. Cnrj,- ' ™'e"news^'''^'^*'^^**" Ward Wilson, announcer Producer: Sherman Rogers Director: Stan Davis 15 Mini.: Sat.; e:45 b.m. PETER PAUL, INC, WABC-CBS. N. Y. (Plnll-FoWieO Where Camobell Soup h:is filled In the Mon.-lo-Fii. 6:45 p.m. CBS .spot with Robei-t Trout on t!'e news Peter Paul. Inc.. has taken over Saturdays lime to present Charles Collingwood for sin-iilar purp6.se. Choice Is fine. Commcnator's voice IS good, with an appealing man-ot- the-street quality in it. Spjech and script are ea.sy to understand. Pro- gram is a plain discu.s.si!in ot the day.s news highlights, with some simple, sati.sfying iiiterprrlalion. Saturday's (6) pi-cem .siressed Pi'es Truman's .speech and its sigiiillcancc It also di.scii.sscd Aimv Day in Chi- cago and thvpughout the nation; the coal strike and Jphii L. Lewis: UN; Iran; the' Nuremberg trial. There' was Intercsling insert to give pro- gram added flair, in a recorded re- port from CBS' London correspdnd- ent Howard Smith oil the Lit -hiield Army trial. Cornmercial w;i^ b-ief putting filial okay on the who'r nni- iram, Qron. ED SULLIVAN David Rosa, anndnncer Produoer.pirector: Martin Goodman 15 Mins,; Tues,, 9 pjn. ■ KDGEWORTH TOBACCO WJZ-ABC. N. T. (WoTioicfc & Legler) Ed Sullivan, N. Y. Daily Nev.,. syndicated Broadway columnist i. given a neat production for a gos.sin type program. Gimmicks of hiivi,« the typcwrjtcr. clicks along with tlS "Pipc-Linc" tie-in, a natural for a pipc-tobacco program, gives the .sos- sion neat window dressing .The elackety-clack of the Remington, with the carriage moved back inter, mittenly, is a switch on the Win. chcUian telegraphic staccaio. However, like mcst Broadway col. umnlsts, majority of gab is of main import to Broadwayitcs, and despite the fact that he rambles around the country with various items as a con. cession to.. outVof-town audiences fact remains that a wider slant is needed to achieve a high ovciajl , effectiveness. This, despite Ihe tact that there's no. paucity of papers u.sing his column and he has a na- tionwide rep. Material e.vcepi for the pipe-line to Broadw.iv, Holly, wood, etc.. reads very much like his column. More is apparently needed for the air. Although Sullivan's voice doeia't have the weight and authority for this type work, it's no drawback. Difterciit type pipes are welcome. Commercials are okay and not too time-consuming, with David Ross' smooth, booming delivery providing contrast to comparative thinness ol Sullivan's voice. On initial show (2), Ross' spiels were picked up from Bo.ston. but timing was tops. • Jose "LONE JOUBNET" With Stamta Cotsw«rth, Camrroa Andrew*, Cbsrlotte Holland, Do. lore* GiUeo, Jaan Alexander; an. nooneeri Nelson Case . Writers: Sandra and Peter Michael Producer: John GIbbs 15 Mlin,; MaiL-Frl,, it a.m. CARNATION WEAF-NBC, N. T. (£rtoin, Wosev) Sandra Michael, livho did "Lone Journey" for NBC from 1940 to 1843, has now teamed with her brother Peter for a renewed run of this ayem serial on the same net. ; Four seg- ments out of the first week's five chapters^ starting with the prccm a week ago Monday (1), leave the lis- tener with a feeling that there's no rea.son why "Journey" shouldn't have a long road ahead. The scripting Is definitely upper- giade stuff, keyed to a theory that a morning audience Is not neres- sarily composed »f chronological adults with juvenile minds. This Michaels respect their listeners as miich as Ihey hold their characters and locale in esteem. And both.lat- ter are real, the central .scene being their own ranch in Montana and many of the people being picked fi-oin the nearby tall-gra.ss metrop- olis. Ah old review of "Journev.'* dat- ing back to its early run. dejjicis the principal character then as a super- philosophical, "idealLstic" kind ot guy who was putting on a facsimile of a Hamlet act most of Ihe time. As he's written now, however, and as he's-played by Staats Cotsworlh, he is no breast-beating longhair but a rather human fellow with lean- ings toward intellcctualiziilion of per.sonal problems. The writers showed great skill in the manner -in which, in live brief installments, they managed not only ' lo set the scene but al.so to do a cer- tain amount of character delineation as well a."! establishment of plot By the end of the first week, there were already two women in the life of the "lone" rancher.' The.sc were played well, on the side of einolional economy, by Charlotte Holland and Joan Alexander. Cameron .Andrews did his part as one of the liiietl men without making the act eoi iiy. .\nd director Martin Magner held'the en- tire proceedings well in hand throughout Wilh Minerva Pious billed to .join the east'as a regular, and a con- tinuation in quality ot writing and produclioii, there is ever.v rra.son to expect that both net and" bnnluollcr .should be proud of this package, 'rhts is no ".soaper" in any .sen.se of Ihe word. It is mature radio Action— even though one hopes that ihe .somewhat presumptuous title of radio novel" may be dropped .soon from the air billings. Nelson Case does the commercial.*, which alternate between Carnation milk and Frlskies dogfood. reiulei- ing enough to the spon.soi- without doing harm to Ihc program's iiiinvd, . Curs. INFLUENCE OP RADIO ON CHILDREN" With Dr. S. Uarconrl Pcnpari). J«r setta Frank, Judge Jacolt rankrn, William F. Soakin, Rapharl llayrK: Austin McCormack moderator; Bob Martin,, annonncrr Ed. Snpervitor: Elsie Dick 34 Mins,; Frl„ 10 p.m. Sustaining WOR-Mntual, N. Y, What will rate high in this sea- son's scale of public scrvie.v jiidged by the opener BH-idny i.'V). will. be Mutual's current thrcr-part serie.^ on the Infiiichce ot radio, films and eojiii.cs on the minds of yoim.'^ ehil- di-en. ' Opening session <liscii.«."fd question whether the pi-r'l(imiii:ii'.ce (Continued on page 411)