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16 Visual Education
of the grandeur of our land. But in almost no degree are they furnishing ammunition to combat the enemy in our midst. The citizens and prospective citizens of our country need to he so clear as to the privileges and responsibilities of their citizenship and so active in their support of our own government that the Bolshevik propagandist and the I. W. W. leader can make no impression upon them.
We need to have available for the unrestricted use of every city and state, every Council of Defense and Americanization committee, every patriotic meeting and class in citizenship, a series of films especially designed to supply this need. They should not waste time in romance or fanciful story. The facts in themselves are interesting enough. In a scientific pedagogical way they should tell the audience
( 1 ) that the government of America now serves all its people in very many ways,
(2) that this service is alike to rich and poor, (3) that there are many duties that each citizen owes in return, and (4) that if there are any defects in our present system, the voice of each citizen may help correct them. These films should deal only with the facts as we find them. There should be no effort to confuse the present with the ideal. Without fear, our country can stand comparison with any other in the world.
William F. Eussell, Dean of the College of Education,
University of Iowa.
Visual Education is glad to contribute its bit of publicity to the following report, which has just been released by the National Education Association. It is a most significant paragraph on a subject of grave importance to America's future.
Teachers Suffer Most
"Among those employees who suffer most acutely have been the teachers in our schools. Their situation in many parts of the country has become deplorable. Thousands of them, trained in their profession, with a high and honorable pride in it, have been literally forced to leave it, and to resign what had been their hope, not of wealth, but of loyal service in building the foundation of knowledge and character upon which our national strength must rest. In consequence there is everywhere a shortage of teachers. An inquiry made by the Bureau of Education showed that in January, 1920, more than 18,000 teachers' positions in the public schools of the country were then vacant because the teachers to fill them could not be had. Over 42,000 positions are filled, in order that they may be filled at all, by teachers whose qualifications are below the minimum standard of requirement in the several states. It is the estimate of the Commissioner of Education that more than 300,000 of the 650,000 school teachers of the country are today "below any reasonable minimum standard of qualifications." Many of those who remain in our schools receive less pay than common laborers, despite the long years of preparation for their profession that they have undertaken. This situation is a national menace. It is useless to talk of Americanization and of the diminution of illiteracy and other national educational problems, unless it is faced at once. — Eeport of the Industrial Conference, called by the President."