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VISUAL EDUCATION
drawing the thumb over the edges of the leaves. A schoolboy trick, you may say; yet there you had "pictures in motion."
Inventors Were Not Yet "Seeing"
During this entire early period of investigation, there was none who had the great vision of what could be done with the moving picture. All were laboring in the dark, handicapped by the limitations of the photographic art, by the lack of equipment, and by the fundamental disadvantage of not realizing the ultimate end of their efforts.
That there was coming to be, however, a slight conception of the marvelous possibilities in making pictures move is evidenced in the phrases of an
THE KINEMATOSCOPE
The diagram submitted in 1861 by Dr. Coleman Sellers of Philadelphia, with his application for a patent.
application for a patent granted in 18G4 to a Frenchman, Ducos by name. He states :
"My invention consists in substituting rapidly and without confusion to the ej'e not only of an individual, but when so desired of a whole assemblage, the enlarged images of a great number of pictures when taken instantaneously and successively at very short intervals. . . . The observer will believe that he sees only one image, which changes gradually by reason of the successive changes of form and position of the objects which occur from one picture to the other. Even supposing that there be a slight interval of time during which the same object was not shown, the persistence of the luminous impression upon the eye will fill this gap. There will be, as it were, a living presentation of nature and . . . the same scene will be reproduced upon the screen with the same degree of animation. By means of my apparatus I am enabled specially to reproduce the passing of a procession, a review of military maneuvers, the movements of a battle . . . the grimace of a human face, the passage of clouds in stormy sky, etc."
While Ducos certainly had the vision, he Avas never able to put his ideas into practical operation, and others reaped the glory that might have been his. The Lantern Wheel of Life
It apparently never occurred to those who struggled early in the field to project their illusions of motion so that many could view them at one time. About this time, however, a man by the name of Uchatius, working in Vienna, perfected an apparatus to throw the pictures of the Stroboscopic Discs on the wall. Using a stationary transparent