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Film Censoi's 17
It was founded in 1909 by the People's Institution. It is opposed to legalized censorship, and in favour of the constructive method of placing emphasis upon and building patronage for the finer and more worthy films.
Although it is not official, its decisions are regarded seriously by the film producers. Its review work is conducted by trained review groups chosen from a committee of over 250 members, representative of many professions and walks of life. Decisions are reached by majority ballot.
Next, there are the official censors. Every state has its own censor and state censorship varies to a bewildering degree. In one state, scenes showing women smoking are cut out ; another state bans " horizontal " kisses, but permits them " vertically." Some states refuse to allow love scenes between white and black or yellow races ; and in more than one state, drinking is severely frowned upon.
Canada has its own censors and here there is a definite pro-British atmosphere. This led to the classic Hell's Angels being rather amusingly cut. The Toronto censors insisted that the leading characters should change their nationality. Originally they were British ; but when the film was shown in Canada they were American.
The reason was because a British airman was shown as a coward. The censors insisted that he should become an American, so all the leading characters had to become American. They became Americans rather abruptly. For a long time it was made to appear that they were English, going to an English school and living in England. Then suddenly a sub-title was flashed on the screen bearing the announcement that they were Americans and that a hectic party was typical American entertainment.
These sub-titles remained in the film when shown in England. But in Canada the censors went even further. They insisted on several dialogue changes, with the result that the characters' voices changed now and then during the picture.
American films are also " censored " by the Women's Freedom League, who send out to all their members circulars commenting on pictures. A film " rejected " by them is opposed all over the States and invariably has to be withdrawn.
Censorship, of course, varies the world over, according to local conditions. Thus Tell England was banned in Palestine, although it was shown in England and other parts of the Empire. The film had to be withdrawn from Palestine cinemas because it caused intense anti-British feeling among the Arabs.
This is an extreme case ; but it is an example of the difficulties which face film censors in every country, every state, every city, and every town. Local conditions vary so much that there can be no standardized rules, and even in such a small place as England it becomes necessary for local authorities to have the last word in censoring films.